{"id":2795,"date":"2025-12-08T14:11:20","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T01:11:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/%e8%87%aa%e5%8b%95%e8%8d%89%e7%a8%bf\/"},"modified":"2026-03-20T03:14:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T14:14:43","slug":"annual-leave-sick-leave-pay-calculations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/annual-leave-sick-leave-pay-calculations\/","title":{"rendered":"Annual Leave &amp; Sick Leave Pay Calculations"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='post-index' id='post-index'><a href='###' id='post-index-close'><i class='fa fa-list'><\/i><\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class='post-index-title'>Table of content<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class='post-index-inner' id='post-index-inner'>\r\n\t\t\t\t<ol class='post-index-list'><li class=\"post-index-item\" data-tt=\"title-idx-0\" ><a href=\"###\"title=\"Understanding Leave Entitlements: The NES Minimums\">Understanding Leave Entitlements: The NES Minimums<\/a><\/li><li class=\"post-index-item\" data-tt=\"title-idx-1\" ><a href=\"###\"title=\"Annual Leave Pay Calculation: Base Rate &amp; Leave Loading\">Annual Leave Pay Calculation: Base Rate &amp; Leave Loading<\/a><\/li><li class=\"post-index-item\" data-tt=\"title-idx-2\" ><a href=\"###\"title=\"Personal\/Carer&#8217;s Leave: How to Calculate Sick Leave Pay\">Personal\/Carer&#8217;s Leave: How to Calculate Sick Leave Pay<\/a><\/li><li class=\"post-index-item\" data-tt=\"title-idx-3\" ><a href=\"###\"title=\"Casual Employee Considerations\">Casual Employee Considerations<\/a><\/li><li class=\"post-index-item\" data-tt=\"title-idx-4\" ><a href=\"###\"title=\"Common Mistakes to Avoid in Leave Calculations\">Common Mistakes to Avoid in Leave Calculations<\/a><\/li><li class=\"post-index-item\" data-tt=\"title-idx-5\" ><a href=\"###\"title=\"Key Takeaways\">Key Takeaways<\/a><\/li><li class=\"post-index-item\" data-tt=\"title-idx-6\" ><a href=\"###\"title=\"How Does Workstem Help?\">How Does Workstem Help?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"post-index-item\" data-tt=\"title-idx-7\" ><a href=\"###\"title=\"FAQ: Annual Leave and Sick Leave in Australia\">FAQ: Annual Leave and Sick Leave in Australia<\/a><\/li><li class=\"post-index-item\" data-tt=\"title-idx-8\" ><a href=\"###\"title=\"\u00a0Leave Calculators\">\u00a0Leave Calculators<\/a><\/li><li class=\"post-index-item\" data-tt=\"title-idx-9\" ><a href=\"###\"title=\"Leave Entitlements Guide\">Leave Entitlements Guide<\/a><\/li><li class=\"post-index-item\" data-tt=\"title-idx-10\" ><a href=\"###\"title=\"HR Insights &amp; Resources\">HR Insights &amp; Resources<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t<script>\r\n\t\t\t$(function(){\r\n\t\t\t\tvar contIdxHeight = $('#post-index-inner').height()+20;\r\n\t\t\t\t$('#post-index-inner').css('height',contIdxHeight+'px');\r\n\t\t\t\t$('#post-index-close').on('click',function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tif($('#post-index-inner').height()>20) {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('#post-index-inner').css('height',0);\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('#post-index-inner').css('padding-top',0);\r\n\t\t\t\t\t} else {\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('#post-index-inner').css('height',contIdxHeight+'px');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t$('#post-index-inner').css('padding-top','20px');\r\n\t\t\t\t\t}\r\n\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t\t$('.post-index-item').on('click',function(){\r\n\t\t\t\t\tvar tt=$(this).data('tt');\r\n\t\t\t\t\tscrollPosition(document.getElementById(tt));\r\n\t\t\t\t});\r\n\t\t\t});\t\r\n\t\t\t<\/script><div class='post-content-full'><p>Accurately calculating leave pay is a fundamental responsibility for every Australian employer. Getting it wrong can lead to employee disputes, underpayment claims, and significant penalties for non-compliance with the <span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.au\/C2009A00028\/2017-09-20\/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fair Work Act 2009<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>This definitive guide will walk you through how to correctly calculate annual leave pay and personal\/carer&#8217;s leave (often called sick leave) for your employees, ensuring you meet your obligations under the National Employment Standards (NES).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"title-idx-0\" class=\"icon-anchor\">Understanding Leave Entitlements: The NES Minimums<\/h2>\n<p>The NES provides the baseline entitlements for all eligible employees in Australia.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Full-time employees are entitled to 4 weeks of paid annual leave and 10 days of paid personal\/carer&#8217;s leave per year.<\/li>\n<li>Part-time employees receive the same entitlements on a pro-rata basis, according to their hours of work.<\/li>\n<li>Casual employees do not receive paid annual or sick leave. Instead, they are paid a casual loading (usually 25%) on their base wage to compensate for the lack of paid leave benefits and permanency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It&#8217;s crucial to remember that many Modern Awards and Enterprise Agreements can provide entitlements that are more beneficial than the NES minimums.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"title-idx-1\" class=\"icon-anchor\">Annual Leave Pay Calculation: Base Rate &amp; Leave Loading<\/h2>\n<p>When an employee takes annual leave, they must be paid at their full base rate for the ordinary hours they would have worked.<\/p>\n<p>The calculation is generally straightforward:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Annual Leave Pay = Hours on Leave \u00d7 Base Rate of Pay<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>However, a critical factor is leave loading. Some Modern Awards or registered agreements require employers to pay an additional loading (typically 17.5%) on annual leave pay. This is not a requirement under the NES alone but is very common in awards.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Worked Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sarah, a full-time retail employee, earns a base rate of $25.00 per hour. Her Award stipulates a 17.5% leave loading. She takes one 7.6-hour day of annual leave.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Base Pay for the Day: 7.6 hours \u00d7 $25.00 = $190.00<\/li>\n<li>Leave Loading: $190.00 \u00d7 17.5% = $33.25<\/li>\n<li>Total Annual Leave Pay: $190.00 + $33.25 = $223.25<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Workstem Tip: Our automated payroll system identifies the correct Award, applies leave loading rules, and calculates the exact payment, eliminating manual errors and ensuring award compliance.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"title-idx-2\" class=\"icon-anchor\">Personal\/Carer&#8217;s Leave: How to Calculate Sick Leave Pay<\/h2>\n<p>Personal\/carer&#8217;s leave is an umbrella term that covers paid leave when an employee is:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sick or injured (sick leave)<\/li>\n<li>Caring for an immediate family or household member who is sick or injured (carer&#8217;s leave)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The payment for paid personal\/carer&#8217;s leave is the same as for annual leave.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sick Leave Pay = Hours on Leave \u00d7 Base Rate of Pay<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Importantly, leave loading does not apply to personal\/carer&#8217;s leave. An employee on sick leave is simply paid their base rate for the ordinary hours they are absent.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Worked Example:<\/strong><br \/>\nDavid, a part-time admin worker, works 15 hours per week at $30.00 per hour. He takes one 3-hour sick leave absence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sick Leave Pay: 3 hours \u00d7 $30.00 = $90.00<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Employees accrue personal\/carer&#8217;s leave throughout the year (approximately 1.46 hours for every 38 hours worked), and it accumulates from year to year if not used.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"title-idx-3\" class=\"icon-anchor\">Casual Employee Considerations<\/h2>\n<p>As mentioned, casual employees are not entitled to paid annual or sick leave. Their hourly rate includes a casual loading (e.g., 25%) to make up for this.<\/p>\n<p>If a casual employee is sick or wants a holiday, they simply do not get paid for the hours they don&#8217;t work. There is no calculation required for paid leave.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"title-idx-4\" class=\"icon-anchor\">Common Mistakes to Avoid in Leave Calculations<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Forgetting Leave Loading: Overlooking award-mandated leave loading is a common and costly error.<\/li>\n<li>Using the Wrong Base Rate: The base rate must include all allowances and loadings that are part of the employee&#8217;s ordinary earnings, excluding overtime and penalty rates.<\/li>\n<li>Miscalculating Pro-rata Entitlements: Incorrectly calculating leave for part-time employees or employees who start or finish part-way through the year.<\/li>\n<li>Not Tracking Accruals: Manually tracking leave accruals is prone to error, leading to over or underpayments.<\/li>\n<li>Confusing Personal Leave Types: Failing to understand that an employee&#8217;s paid sick leave and carer&#8217;s leave come from the same personal\/carer&#8217;s leave entitlement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"title-idx-5\" class=\"icon-anchor\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Know the NES: Understand the minimum entitlements for full-time, part-time, and casual employees.<\/li>\n<li>Check the Award: Always refer to the relevant Modern Award or agreement for specific rules on leave loading and other conditions.<\/li>\n<li>Calculate Correctly: Annual leave may require a 17.5% loading; sick leave is always paid at the base rate only.<\/li>\n<li>Automate for Accuracy: Manual calculations are time-consuming and risky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"title-idx-6\" class=\"icon-anchor\">How Does Workstem Help?<\/h2>\n<p>Simplify your payroll process and ensure accurate pay rates with Workstem\u2019s automated<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/product\/payroll\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> payroll system<\/a><\/span>. Our pre-built modern<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/product\/award-interpretation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> award interpretation software<\/a><\/span> covers 122+ awards and 34 EBAs, and keeps you up-to-date with penalty rates and other award entitlements.<\/p>\n<p>Choose between ou<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">r<a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/pricing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Standard and Advanced plans<\/a><\/span>, and enjoy a range of benefits such as Fair Work compliance, an employee self-service App, and custom rule set. We have integrated our system with Microsoft and Netsuite as well to bring you a complete HR SaaS solution for your business.<\/p>\n<p>Choose from our<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"> <a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/pricing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Standard or Advanced plan<\/a><\/span> to suit your business needs, and stay Fair Work compliant with confidence.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"title-idx-7\" class=\"icon-anchor\">FAQ: Annual Leave and Sick Leave in Australia<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Q1: Can an employer refuse a request for annual leave?<\/strong><br \/>\nA1\uff1aYes, but only if the refusal is reasonable. For example, an employer can refuse leave due to operational requirements, such as peak business periods where other staff are already on leave. However, they must respond to the request and cannot unreasonably refuse it.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q2: Do employees continue to accrue annual leave while they are on leave?<\/strong><br \/>\nA2\uff1aYes. Employees continue to accrue annual leave while they are taking paid leave, such as annual leave or personal\/carer&#8217;s leave.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q3: What is the difference between personal leave and carer&#8217;s leave?<\/strong><br \/>\nA3\uff1aThere is no difference in pay. &#8220;Personal\/carer&#8217;s leave&#8221; is a single entitlement under the NES. It is used for two purposes: when the employee is personally sick or injured (sick leave), or when they need to care for a sick family or household member (carer&#8217;s leave). Both types of leave are drawn from the same paid leave balance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q4: What happens to unused annual leave when an employee resigns or is terminated?<\/strong><br \/>\nA4\uff1aUpon termination of employment, an employee must be paid out for any untaken annual leave they have accrued. This payment includes their base rate of pay for the hours of leave owed, plus any applicable leave loading if it would have been payable had they taken the leave.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q5: Are employees paid public holiday rates when they are on annual leave?<\/strong><br \/>\nA5\uff1aNo. If a public holiday falls during a period when an employee is on annual leave, the day is treated as a public holiday, not an annual leave day. The employee is paid their base pay rate for the public holiday (if they would ordinarily have worked that day), and the day is not deducted from their annual leave balance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q6: Can I require an employee to provide a medical certificate for a single day of sick leave?<\/strong><br \/>\nA6\uff1aYes, an employer can request evidence for any absence on personal\/carer&#8217;s leave, even for a single day. A medical certificate is the most common form of evidence, but a statutory declaration may also be acceptable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q7: How is leave calculated for shift workers?<\/strong><br \/>\nA7\uff1aShift workers under the NES are entitled to 5 weeks of annual leave instead of 4. The base rate of pay for their leave is calculated based on their ordinary hours, which can be complex for rotating rosters. Modern Awards have specific rules for calculating leave pay for shift workers, which often involves using the average of their hours and rates over a prior period.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Book a free demo<\/a><\/span> with our payroll experts and experience how Workstem can streamline your payroll and workforce operations.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"title-idx-8\" class=\"icon-anchor\">\u00a0Leave Calculators<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/australian-annual-leave-calculator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Australian Annual Leave Calculator<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"title-idx-9\" class=\"icon-anchor\">Leave Entitlements Guide<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/glossary\/annual-leave-loading\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Annual Leave Loading<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/glossary\/sick-and-carers-leave\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sick and Carer\u2019s Leave<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"title-idx-10\" class=\"icon-anchor\">HR Insights &amp; Resources<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/leave-management-software-vs-excel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leave Management Software vs. Excel: Which is More Effective?<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/leave-management-software-goodbye-excel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Discover the Benefits of Leave Management Software: Say Goodbye to Excel!<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/how-to-calculate-leave-entitlements-casual-employees\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Calculate Leave Entitlements for Casual Workers?<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/maximise-public-holidays-with-annual-leave-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maximise 2025 Public Holidays: Annual Leave Hacks You Need to Know!<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/australia-public-holiday-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 Public Holidays in Australia: All You Need to Know<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/automate-leave-management-hr-software\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why You Need to Automate Your Leave Management with HR Software<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of content Understanding Leave Entitlements: The NES MinimumsAnnual Leave Pay Calculation: Base Rate &amp; Leave LoadingPersonal\/Carer&#8217;s Leave: How to Calculate Sick Leave PayCasual Employee ConsiderationsCommon Mistakes to Avoid in Leave CalculationsKey TakeawaysHow Does Workstem Help?FAQ: Annual Leave and Sick Leave in Australia\u00a0Leave CalculatorsLeave Entitlements GuideHR Insights &amp; Resources Accurately calculating leave pay is a&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[45,46,42],"class_list":["post-2795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-leave","tag-payroll","tag-popular"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Annual Leave &amp; Sick Leave Pay Calculations - Workstem Australia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to correctly calculate annual leave and sick leave payments for full-time, part-time and casual employees under Australian workplace law.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/annual-leave-sick-leave-pay-calculations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Annual Leave &amp; Sick Leave Pay Calculations - Workstem Australia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn how to correctly calculate annual leave and sick leave payments for full-time, part-time and casual employees under Australian workplace law.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/annual-leave-sick-leave-pay-calculations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Workstem Australia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-08T01:11:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-19T14:14:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2025\/12\/annual_sick_leave_cover_1050x490-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1050\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"490\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Echo\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Echo\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/annual-leave-sick-leave-pay-calculations\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/blog\/annual-leave-sick-leave-pay-calculations\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Echo\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.workstem.com\/au\/#\/schema\/person\/187bd1184ab3b2a61a5a1a54254c9e2f\"},\"headline\":\"Annual Leave &amp; 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